Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is
the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is …

Background The Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with COPD
document 2004 updates the position papers on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Classification of Severity Pathogenesis Pathology Pathophysiology Burden of COPD
Epidemiology Economic and Social Burden of COPD Risk Factors

Background Long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their effect on survival is unknown. Methods We …

Background: Dyspnea is a common, distressing symptom of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular
diseases. Since the ATS published a consensus statement on dyspnea in 1999, there …

Background Inhaled longacting β 2 agonists improve lung function and health status in
symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas inhaled corticosteroids …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition with
pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. This study describes the heterogeneity of …

Significant heterogeneity of clinical presentation and disease progression exists within
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although FEV 1 inadequately describes this …

Aims Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality. Although it was previously assumed that this was due to its relation with …

Rationale: Exacerbations are key drivers of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: We compared the relative efficacy of the long-acting …