Background 12 months of oral cyclophosphamide has been shown to alter the progression
of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease when compared with placebo. However, …

People who begin daily smoking at an early age are at greater risk of long-term nicotine
addiction. We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (…

Background The purpose of this analysis is to provide evidence-based and consensus-derived
guidance for clinicians to improve individual diagnostic decision-making for …

Although only a subset of smokers develop lung cancer, we cannot determine which smokers
are at highest risk for cancer development, nor do we know the signaling pathways altered …

Background Present treatment strategies to stratify exacerbation risk in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rely on a history of two or more events in the …

Background Interstitial lung disease is a known complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with a
lifetime risk of developing the disease in any individual of 7·7%. We aimed to assess the safety…

Background Increased concentrations of eosinophils in blood and sputum in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been associated with increased frequency of …

Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted glycoprotein that has a
central role in the process of fibrosis. This study was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, …

FG-3019 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that interferes with the action of connective
tissue growth factor, a central mediator in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This open-label phase …

Importance There is a major need for effective, well-tolerated treatments for idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of the autotaxin inhibitor …