Chest
Original ResearchCOPDCarbocisteine Protects Against Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract in Rats
Section snippets
Preparation of CSE
CSE was prepared as previously reported.18 Briefly, one cigarette without filters (Marlboro; Philip Morris International Inc; New York City, New York) was burned, and the smoke was passed, using a vacuum pump, through a glass Cambridge filter (Cambridge Filter Japan, Ltd; Tokyo, Japan) with 0.20-μm pores for removing particles and bacteria into a vessel containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (1 mL per one cigarette). The pH of the CSE-PBS solution was between 5.2 and 5.3, and this solution
Morphologic Findings
Intraperitoneal injection of CSE in rats caused emphysematous destruction of the lungs within 3 weeks. Compared with the normal alveolar architecture in the control group (Fig 1A,a), once-a-week injection of CSE for 3 weeks induced enlargement of alveolar airspaces and destruction of lung parenchyma in the CSE group (Fig 1A,b). The MLI and DI were significantly increased in the CSE group compared with the values in the control group (Fig 1B) (MLI: 106.6 ± 8.4 μm vs 69.8 ± 6.6 μm, P < .001; and
Discussion
The most remarkable finding of this study is that CMC, characterized by its antioxidant property in addition to its mucolytic activity, defended against the development of emphysema induced by systemic injection of CSE in rats. CMC significantly protected antioxidant activity in both the pulmonary and systemic levels and inhibited pathologic apoptosis and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in emphysematous lungs of rats. It is highly suggested that CMC protected against CSE-induced emphysema in rats
Acknowledgments
Author contributions: Dr Hanaoka: contributed to the conception and design of the study; contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and drafted the submitted manuscript.
Dr Droma: contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and drafted the submitted manuscript.
Dr Chen: contributed to the laboratory work, acquisition of the data, and revision of the manuscript.
Dr Agatsuma: contributed to the laboratory work, acquisition of the data, and
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Funding/Support: This work was partly supported by a grant to the Respiratory Failure Research Group from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan.
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians (http://www.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml).