Review ArticleThe contribution of starvation, deconditioning and ageing to the observed alterations in peripheral skeletal muscle in chronic organ diseases
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Non-invasive ventilation improves exercise tolerance and peripheral vascular function after high-intensity exercise in COPD-HF patients
2020, Respiratory MedicineCitation Excerpt :These pathophysiologic processes ultimately contribute to marked exercise intolerance. Skeletal muscle and endothelial dysfunction, caused by disturbance in the perfusion/diffusion of oxygen (O2), greater oxidative stress, systemic inflammation [1,3,4] and negative alterations in the arterial vascular system are areas of particular interest in relation to exercise intolerance in these patient populations [5]. Reduced vascular reactivity for the endothelium-derived vasodilator stimulus is indicative of endothelial dysfunction and commonly the result of the loss of balance between the production of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances derived from the endothelium [6].
The Relevance of Limb Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review For Clinicians
2019, Clinics in Chest MedicineCitation Excerpt :An interesting debate is whether chronic inactivity is the sole culprit of limb muscle dysfunction in COPD or if a specific form of muscle disease exists in this condition. Proponents of the chronic inactivity theory contend that reduced physical activity is ubiquitous in COPD,64,65 and that limb muscle adaptation seen in COPD is typical of what is seen in sedentary individuals (further discussion in the topic is provided in Strategies to Increase Physical Activity in Chronic Respiratory Diseases).66,67 Another line of argument is that limb muscle function improves with exercise training (see later in this article).
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Older Adults
2017, Heart Failure ClinicsCitation Excerpt :In addition to this, it is known that aging results in alterations in skeletal muscle, including a reduction in the relative number of type II fibers,33 and in capillary density,34 and that these are associated with a decline in physical performance. The loss of skeletal muscle and age-related alterations in skeletal muscle function are major factors in the age-associated decline in peak Vo2.35–37 These, along with sedentary behavior as HFpEF symptoms worsen, further exacerbate exercise intolerance.38
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the elderly: Scope of the problem
2015, Journal of Molecular and Cellular CardiologyPulmonary arterial hypertension-related myopathy: An overview of current data and future perspectives
2015, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesPulmonary Rehabilitation
2014, Comprehensive Biomedical Physics
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(Correspondence to: FMEF, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands)