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To be, or not to be: NF-κB is the answer – role of Rel/NF-κB in the regulation of apoptosis

An Erratum to this article was published on 18 November 2004

Abstract

During their lifetime, cells encounter many life or death situations that challenge their very own existence. Their survival depends on the interplay within a complex yet precisely orchestrated network of proteins. The Rel/NF-κB signaling pathway and the transcription factors that it activates have emerged as critical regulators of the apoptotic response. These proteins are best known for the key roles that they play in normal immune and inflammatory responses, but they are also implicated in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenesis. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in understanding the pathways that activate the Rel/NF-κB factors and their role in the cell's decision to either fight or surrender to apoptotic challenge. Whereas NF-κB is most commonly involved in suppressing apoptosis by transactivating the expression of antiapoptotic genes, it can promote programmed cell death in response to certain death-inducing signals and in certain cell types. This review surveys our current understanding of the role of NF-κB in the apoptotic response and focuses on many developments since this topic was last reviewed in Oncogene 4 years ago. These recent findings shed new light on the activity of NF-κB as a critical regulator of apoptosis in the immune, hepatic, epidermal and nervous systems, on the mechanisms through which it operates and on its role in tissue development, homoeostasis and cancer.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to M Arsura, PG Ashton-Rickardt, AS Baldwin Jr, D Baltimore, C Duckett, G Franzoso, S Ghosh, T Gilmore, M Karin, A Lin, HC Liou, N Perkins, GE Sonenshein and D Walls for communicating results and sharing manuscripts before publication. We apologize to many investigators whose work could not be cited due to space limitations. We thank J Dutta, N Gupta and L Lagos for critical comments on the review. Research performed in this laboratory on the roles of Rel/NF-κB in apoptosis and oncogenesis and on its antiapoptotic target Bfl-1/A1 is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health – National Cancer Institute CA54999 and CA83937 to CG. JK is recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research and is partially supported by the Foundation of the UMDNJ. MS was partially supported by an NIH predoctoral training grant in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (GM08360).

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Kucharczak, J., Simmons, M., Fan, Y. et al. To be, or not to be: NF-κB is the answer – role of Rel/NF-κB in the regulation of apoptosis. Oncogene 22, 8961–8982 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207230

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