State-of-the-Art PaperThe Sympathetic Nervous System in Heart Failure: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Implications
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Key Words
heart failure
sympathetic nervous system
adrenergic receptor
beta-blockers
sympatholytics
sympathomimetic inotropes
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AR
adrenergic receptor
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
cAMP
3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
EPI
epinephrine
MIBG
metaiodobenzylguanidine
NE
norepinephrine
SNS
sympathetic nervous system
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Copyright © 2009 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.