TABLE 2

Patient-reported outcome scores in patients with bronchiectasis overall and in individual bronchiectasis aetiologies

Patient-reported outcome		Score description	Score overall	Score by aetiology	Number of studies
SGRQ	Total score	Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more limitations	26.5–66.3^a (31.6–53.0)^a 29.0–59.0^b (29.0–59.0)^b	Idiopathic or post-infectious (39.7–43.2)^c	35
				NCFBE (27.4), CF (25.4)^d
				IBD (54.3), RA (46.8), ABPA (45.8), idiopathic or post-infectious (42.0), post-TB (41.8), other aetiologies (49.6)^e
	Symptoms score		32.3–64.0^a (56.8–61.0)^a	Idiopathic or post-infectious (61.0)^b	17
	Symptoms score		32.3–64.0^a (56.8–61.0)^a	NCFBE (46.3), CF (40.1)^d	17
	Activities score		25.9–59.7^a	NCFBE (24.9), CF (27.0)^d	14
	Impacts score		18.2–63.0^a	NCFBE (22.6), CF (19.9)^d	14
QoL-B	Respiratory symptoms score	QoL-B comprises eight domains; scores for each domain can range between 0 and 100, with higher scores indicating fewer symptoms or better functioning and HRQoL	23.2–91.4^a (54.0–57.8)^a 65.0–68.6^b	IBD (54)^f, other aetiologies (58)	21
				Immunodeficiency (63.5)^g
				Idiopathic or post-infectious (51.2)^c
				AATD (58.7)^h
				Post-TB (66.7), ABPA (66.7), post-infectious (63.0), asthma (63.0), idiopathic (59.3), COPD (57.5), other aetiologies (51.9)ⁱ
	Physical functioning score		23.9–67.5^a (42.5–55.7)^a 53.5–83.0^b	–	10
	Vitality score		22.8–63.8^a (48.7–53.1)^a 44.0–56.0^b	–	9
	Role functioning score		33.3–82.3^a (59.2–64.7)^a 66.7–73.3^b	–	11
	Emotional functioning score		31.3–87.9^a (76.9–87.9)^a 79–83.3^b	–	10
	Social functioning score		30.8–72.4^a (51.3–65.0)^a 50.0–75.0^b	–	11
	Treatment burden score		32.2–76.0^a (63.2–66.8)^a 56.0–78.0^b	–	11
	Health perception score		35.5–68.8^a (42.4–47.3)^a 33.0–60.0^b	–	11
LCQ	Total score	Each domain is scored from 1 to 7 and domain scores are added together to obtain a total score that can range from 3 to 21. Higher scores indicate a better quality of life	10.0–17.5^a (13.4–15.3)^a 11.0–16.6^b (11.0–14.0)^b	CF (16.6)^j	24
	Physical score		4.5–5.7^a (5.0)^a	CF (5.3)^j	8
	Psychological score		4.8–5.9^a (5.0)^a	CF (5.3)^j	8
	Social score		4.6–6.1^a (5.3)^a	CF (5.7)^j	8
CAT	CAT score	Scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores denoting more severe impacts	14.3–21.2^a (14.8)^a	Idiopathic or post-infectious (19.1–26.0)^c	7
BHQ	BHQ score	Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better health status	39.0–61.9^a (61.9)^a 53.5^b	–	5
HRQoL in children
PC-QoL^k	PC-QoL score	Scores range from 1 (low quality of life) to 7 (high quality of life)	4.4–6.5^b (4.4–6.5)^b	–	5
CC-QoL^k	CC-QoL score	Scores range from 1 (low quality of life) to 7 (high quality of life)	6.5^b (6.5)^b	–	1
PedsQL	Child-specific PedsQL score	Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life	Significantly lower in children with bronchiectasis compared with age-matched controls^l	–	1
PedsQL	Parent-proxy PedsQL score			–	1
Anxiety and depression
HADS	HADS-A score	Each subscore ranges from 0 to 21, with a higher score indicating more severe anxiety or depression^m	4.4–7.0^a,n,o (4.4–4.9)^a	NCFBE (7.0), CF (5.5)^d	8
HADS	HADS-D score		2.9–5.6^a,n,o (3.1–5.6)^a	NCFBE (4.4), CF (3.6)^d	8
PHQ-9	PHQ-9 score	Scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression^p	4.8–11.1^q	–	1
Fatigue
FSS	FSS score	Comprises nine categories (each are scored from 0 to 7); total score ranges from 9 to 63^r	20.0–39.7^s 4.7–5.0^t	–	3

Parentheses in the “Score by aetiology” column indicate data from larger or multicentre studies only. All data from individual studies are available in the supplemental Excel file. ^aS: Studies reporting mean. ^b: Studies reporting median. ^c: Studies reporting in patients with idiopathic or post-infectious bronchiectasis; no comparison with other aetiologies [37, 44–47]. ^d: No significant difference between patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE) and cystic fibrosis (CF)-related bronchiectasis (no p-value reported) [48]. ^e: No significant difference between aetiologies (p=0.1) [49]. “Other” includes none of the aforementioned aetiologies. ^f: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related bronchiectasis had significantly worse Quality of Life–Bronchiectasis (QoL-B) respiratory symptom domain scores compared with patients with other aetiologies (p=0.02). The difference was greater when IBD-related bronchiectasis was compared with idiopathic bronchiectasis alone (mean difference: 5.6 points; p=0.001) [50]. ^g: Patients with immunodeficiency-related bronchiectasis were found to have a significantly lower respiratory symptoms score according to QoL-B when compared with other aetiologies (mean difference: 3.5 points; p<0.0001) [51]. ^h: tudy reporting in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-related bronchiectasis; no comparison with other aetiologies [52]. ⁱ: No statistical analyses were performed in this study [19]. “Other” includes rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary ciliary dyskinesia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and nontuberculosis (TB) mycobacteria infection. ^j: Study reported in patients with CF-related bronchiectasis; no comparison with other aetiologies [33]. ^k: The parent cough-specific quality of life (PC-QoL) and the chronic cough-specific quality of life (CC-QoL) are instruments for assessing the impact of a child's chronic cough on quality of life; however, the PC-QoL is completed by the parent or caregiver of the child, whereas the CC-QoL is completed by the child themselves. ^l: Single study comparing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with bronchiectasis with age-matched controls with no diagnosis of a respiratory condition [53]. ^m: Scores of ≥8 generally reflect the presence of anxiety or depression, with scores between 8–10, 11–14 and 15–21 reflecting mild, moderate and severe anxiety or depression, respectively. ⁿ: In a study in which the presence of anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression (HADS)-A ≥8) or depression (HADS-D ≥8) was an inclusion criterion, the median HADS-A score was 10 (indicating mild anxiety) and the median HADS-D score was 11 (indicating moderate depression) [54]. ^o: In one study, mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores were found to be significantly higher in patients with bronchiectasis (HADS-A: 7.0; HADS-D: 5.3) compared with matched healthy controls (HADS-A: 4.1; HADS-D: 3.5), indicating more severe anxiety and depression in patients with bronchiectasis (p<0.001 for both comparisons) [55]. ^p: Scores of 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19 and 20–27 indicate minimal/no, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. ^q: Mean Nine-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores were reported in a single study and ranged from 4.8 (minimal/no depression) in patients with mild bronchiectasis to 11.1 (moderate depression) in patients with severe bronchiectasis [56]. ^r: Scores ≥36 indicate that a patient may be suffering from fatigue, with fatigue severity increasing with increasing score. ^s: In a study in which the total score was reported, the maximum mean Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score presented was reported in bronchiectasis patients with depression (PHQ-9 ≥10); this was significantly higher than the mean FSS score in patients without depression (20.0) (p<0.001) [56]. ^t: In studies in which the average score was reported (total score divided by 9) [57, 58]. –: Patient-reported outcomes for which data were not reported in individual aetiologies. ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; BHQ: Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; LCQ: Leicester Cough Questionnaire; PedsQL: Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory; SGRQ: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire.