Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Study design | Country | Mean age (years) | Grouping (disease) | Patients (n) | Device used for unsupervised spirometry | Outcomes reported |
| Bell 2022 [34] | Longitudinal | Australia | 37 | Suppurative lung disease (CF) | 74 | Air Next (NuvoAir) | FEV1, FVC |
| Broos 2018 [35] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 43 | Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary sarcoidosis) | 21 | MicroDiary (CareFusion) | FVC |
| Cheng 2016 [36] | Longitudinal | USA | 51# | Transplant (haematopoietic cell transplantation) | 571 | KoKo Peak Pro6 (Ferraris Respiratory) or PiKo-6 (Pulmonary Data Services) | FEV1, FVC |
| Edmondson 2020 [37] | Single day cross-over | UK and Canada | 10# | Suppurative lung disease (CF) | 67 | Lung Monitor BT SMART(Vitalograph) | FEV1 |
| Finkelstein 1993 [38] | Longitudinal | USA | 50 | Transplant (lung transplant) | 18 | Advanced Medical Systems Inc. | FEV1, FVC |
| Finkelstein 2000 [19] | Longitudinal | USA | 42 | Obstructive airways disease (Asthma) | 32 | V2120 (Vitalograph) | FEV1, FVC, FEF25–75%, PEF |
| Gerzon 2020¶ [30] | Single day cross-over | Netherlands | CF 9 Asthma 10 | Suppurative lung disease (CF) and obstructive airways disease (asthma) | CF 36 Asthma 81 | AM2+ (CareFusion) | FEV1 |
| Huang 2021 [39] | Longitudinal | UK | 41 | Obstructive airways disease (asthma) | 12 | mSpirometer (Cohero Health) | FEV1 |
| Kerwin 2019¶ [40] | Longitudinal | USA | N/A | Obstructive airways disease (asthma) | 21 | AM3 (eResearch Technology) | FEV1 |
| Khan 2022 [41] | Longitudinal | UK | 70 | Interstitial lung disease (interstitial lung disease) | 82 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FEV1 |
| Lindgren 1997 [42] | Longitudinal | USA | 48 | Transplant (lung transplant) | 77 | PFM-H100 (Telemedical Inc.) | FEV1, FVC |
| Marcoux 2019 [43] | Longitudinal | Canada | 73 | Interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) | 20 | Spirometer (PMD Healthcare) | FVC |
| Moor 2018 [44] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 71 | Interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) | 10 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FEV1, FVC |
| Moor 2019 [45] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 53# | Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary sarcoidosis) | 10 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FEV1, FVC |
| Moor 2020a [46] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 70# | Interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) | 46 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FVC |
| Moor 2020b [47] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 68# | Interstitial lung disease (interstitial lung disease) | 50 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FVC |
| Moor 2021 [48] | Longitudinal | Netherlands | 60 | Interstitial lung disease (interstitial lung disease) | 10 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FVC |
| Morlion 2002 [49] | Longitudinal | Belgium | 33 | Transplant (lung transplant) | 22 | Microloop II (MicroMedical) | FEV1, FEF25–75% |
| Mortimer 2003¶ [50] | Longitudinal | USA | 9 | Obstructive airways disease (asthma) | 92 | EasyOne (NDD Medical) | FEV1, FVC, FEF25–75%, PEF |
| Odisho 2021 [51] | Longitudinal | USA | N/A | Transplant (lung transplant) | 311 | Spirometer (Not reported) | FEV1 |
| Paynter 2021 [52] | Longitudinal | USA | 27 | Suppurative lung disease (CF) | 135 | AM2+ (ERT Inc.) | FEV1 |
| Rodriguez-Roisin 2016 [53] | Longitudinal | Global | 64 | Obstructive airways disease (COPD) | 2488 | EasyOne (NDD Medical) | FEV1 |
| Russell 2016 [54] | Longitudinal | UK | 67 | Interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) | 50 | Microspirometer (CareFusion) | FEV1, FVC |
| Shakkottai 2018 [55] | Longitudinal | USA | 16 | Suppurative lung disease (CF) | 39 | Spiro PD (PMD Healthcare) | FEV1 |
| Sheshadri 2020 [56] | Longitudinal | USA | 55# | Transplant (haematopoietic cell transplantation) | 82 | GoSpiro (Monitored Therapeutics) | FEV1, FVC |
| Turner 2021 [57] | Longitudinal | USA | 59# | Transplant (haematopoietic cell transplantation) | 46 | GoSpiro (Monitored Therapeutics) | FEV1, FVC |
| Veit 2020 [58] | Longitudinal | Germany | 63 | Interstitial lung disease (interstitial lung disease) | 47 | mySpirosense (PARI) | FVC |
| Wijbenga 2020 [59] | Longitudinal | The Netherlands | 67 | Transplant (lung transplant) | 10 | Spirobank Smart (MIR) | FEV1, FVC |
Disease was classed as the predominant condition in the study population. CF: cystic fibrosis; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEF25–75%: forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of the FVC; PEF: peak expiratory flow; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. #: median age reported; ¶: studies in children (Kerwin et al. [40] reports outcomes of a subanalysis of 12–17-year-olds).