Contraindications to exercise testing in people with cystic fibrosis
| Absolute | Relative |
| Pulmonary disease | |
| Pulmonary arterial obstructive disease Uncontrolled asthma Pulmonary oedema Massive haemoptysis Large pneumothorax | Significant pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary exacerbation |
| Cardiac disease | |
| Acute or unstable coronary heart disease Symptomatic and/or haemodynamic uncontrolled dysrhythmias Acute or chronic cardiac inflammatory or infectious disease Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis Uncontrolled heart failure | Left main coronary stenosis Moderate stenotic valvular heart disease Tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrythmias High-degree arterioventricular block Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Vascular disease | |
| Thrombosis of lower extremities Suspected dissecting aneurysm | Severe untreated arterial hypertension at rest (>200 mmHg systolic blood pressure; >120 mmHg diastolic blood pressure) |
| Other | |
| Acute noncardiopulmonary disorder that my affect exercise performance or be aggravated by exercise (i.e. infection, renal failure, thyrotoxicosis) Mental impairment leading to inability to cooperate with procedures Transmissible infections (e.g. SARS-Cov-2) | Advanced or complicated pregnancy Electrolyte abnormalities Orthopaedic impairment that compromises exercise performance |
Contraindications adapted from those presented by Hebestreit et al. [1] in the 2015 statement on exercise testing in cystic fibrosis. SARS-Cov-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.