Studies that evaluated the use of stem cell therapies in COPD with published results
| Registry code | Enrolment (S/C) | Patient conditions | Intervention (cell source) | Cell dosage | Delivery route | Main outcomes | Ref. |
| NCT01110252 | 4/4 | Severe COPD | Autologous BMMCs | 1×108 cells·mL−1 | Intravenous | Autologous cell therapy for COPD patients is a safe procedure and free of adverse effects | [5, 64] |
| NCT00683722 | 62/46 | Moderate-to-severe COPD | Allogenic MSCs | 1×108 cells per infusion (2×106 cells·min−1) | Intravenous | No infusion toxicities, deaths or adverse effects were observed Systemic MSC administration appears to be safe | [65] |
| NCT01306513 | 10/7 | Severe emphysema | Autologous MSCs | 1–2×106 cells·kg−1 | Intravenous | Procedure is safe and free of adverse effects | [67] |
| NCT04018729 | 10/10 | Severe COPD | Allogenic BM-MSCs | 1×108 cells per 30 mL (2×107 cells·min−1) | Intrabronchial | No administration-related toxicities were observed, nor serious adverse effects or death | [68] |
| ACT12614000731695 | 9/9 | Mild-to-very severe COPD | Allogenic BM-MSCs | 2×106 cells·kg−1 | Intravenous | MSC infusion showed no attributable adverse side-effects and was well tolerated | [70] |
| ISRCTN70443938 | 20/20 | Moderate-to-severe COPD | Allogenic UC-MSCs | 1.5×106 cells·kg−1 | Intravenous | No infusion-related toxicities, death or severe adverse events were observed | [71] |
| NCT02412332 | 20/20 | Moderate-to-severe COPD | Autologous BMMCs and/or AD-MSCs | 1×108 cells per infusion (single infusion); 5×107 cells per infusion (co-infusion) | Intravenous | Co-infusion of BMMCs and AD-MSCs is a safe procedure | [74] |
| NCT04433104 | 40/– | – | Allogenic UC-MSCs | 1×106 cells·kg−1 | Intravenous | Study is not yet complete | [73] |
The cell-based therapy methodologies for each clinical trial mentioned in this table are represented in figure 3. ACT: Australian Clinical Trial (australianclinicaltrials.gov.au); AD-MSC: adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell; BM-MSC: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell; BMMC: bone marrow mononuclear cell; ISRCTN: International Standard Registered Clinical Trial Number (isrctn.com); MSC: mesenchymal stem/stromal cell; NCT: National Clinical Trial (clinicaltrials.gov); S/C: started/completed; UC-MSC: umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell.