TABLE 2

Downs and Black assessment checklist scores

Intervention/studiesReporting (out of 11)External validity (out of 3)Internal validity (out of 7)Confounding bias (out of 6)Power (out of 1)Total score (out of 28)
Physical activity promotion+wearable activity monitor-based intervention
 Altenburg et al. [28]10252120
 Armstrong et al. [31]11252121
 Bender et al. [32]8252017
 Bertici et al. [65]9250016
 Cheng et al. [33]10274124
 Coelho et al. [34]10253121
 Cruz et al. [29]11263123
 Freitas et al. [35]10264123
 Freitas et al. [36]10273123
 Geidl et al. [37]10263021
 Hiles et al. [38]11254022
 Hornikx et al. [39]11253122
 Mendoza et al. [40]10274124
 Nolan et al. [41]10264022
 Nyenhuis et al. [42]11252020
 Varas et al. [30]10274023
 Widyastuti et al. [43]10252120
Physical activity promotion+step-count as an outcome measure
 Effing et al. [44]11253122
 Evaristo et al. [45]11264124
 Holland et al. [46]11274125
 José et al. [47]11253122
 Ko et al. [48]10264123
 Lahham et al. [49]10263122
 Rausch et al. [50]11263022
 Selzler et al. [51]10273123
 Wootton et al. [52]10274124
Technology-based intervention
 Arbillaga-Etxarri et al. [53]11263123
 Benzo et al. [54]11262122
 Demeyer et al. [55]11253122
 Moy et al. [56]11253122
 Moy et al. [57]11253122
 Park et al. [58]11253122
 Robinson et al. [59]11274125
 Simmich et al. [60]10252019
 Spielmanns et al. [61]11253122
 Tabak et al. [62]10252019
 Vorrink et al. [63]11262122
 Wan et al. [64]10262121