Performance of galactomannan (GM) and Aspergillus PCR in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in haematologic cancer patients: results of the most relevant meta-analyses
| Fungal biomarker | Study | Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | Specificity (%) (95% CI) |
| Serum | |||
| GM | Pfeiffer et al. [38] | 58 (52–64) | 95 (94–96) |
| Leeflang et al. [98]¶ | 78 (70–85) | 85 (78–91) | |
| Arvanitis et al. [28] | 92 (83–96) | 90 (81–95) | |
| PCR | Mengoli et al. [99] | 88 (75–94) | 75 (63–84) |
| Arvanitis et al. [28] | 84 (71–92) | 76 (64–85) | |
| GM and PCR# | Arvanitis et al. [28] | 99 (96–100) | 98 (94–100) |
| BAL | |||
| GM | Guo et al. [100]¶ | 85 (72–93) | 94 (89–97) |
| Avni et al. [29]¶ | 85 (62–95) | 100 (97–100) | |
| Zou et al. [101]¶ | 86 (76–92) | 95 (91–97) | |
| Heng et al. [30] | 75 (55–88) | 95 (87–98) | |
| De Heer et al. [102]¶ | 78 (61–95) | 93 (87–98) | |
| PCR | Sun et al. [103]¶ | 91 (79–96) | 92 (87–96) |
| Avni et al. [29]¶ | 93 (70–98) | 98 (93–99) | |
| Zou et al. [101]¶ | 82 (61–93) | 98 (85–100) | |
| Heng et al. [30] | 57 (31–80) | 99 (60–100) | |
| GM and PCR# | Avni et al. [29]¶ | 97 (83–99) | 97 (93–99) |
| Heng et al. [30] | 84 (79–88) | 94 (91–97) |
Results are displayed for the diagnosis of proven and probable IPA. For GM, results are displayed for the cut-off of optical density index 0.5 for serum and 1.0 for BAL. #Where a positive result is considered as either GM or PCR positive and a negative result as both GM and PCR negative. ¶Mixed populations, but with a predominance of haematologic cancer patients.