TABLE 1

Description of included studies and risk of bias assessment

Study/year/nPERT group numberControl group numberLocationStudy design/control definitionTypes of PE included in PERTRisk of bias score
Kabrhel et al. 2016 [14] (n=314)314NAUSACase series/NAAll PE15; IHE#
Sista et al. 2017 [20] (n=87)87NAUSACase series/NAAll PE15; IHE
Mahar et al. 2018 [17] (n=118)118NAUSACase series/NAAll PE13; IHE
Chaudhury et al. 2019 [5] (n=769)426343USACohort/historical cohortAll PE7; Newcastle
Jen et al. 2019 [13] (n=321)167154SingaporeCohort/historical cohortAll PE7; Newcastle
Wright et al. 2019 [24] (n=305)146159USACohort/historical cohortIntermediate/high risk7; Newcastle
Xenos et al. 2019 [25] (n=1069)77992USACohort/historical cohortAll PE8; Newcastle
Annabathula et al. 2020 [12] (n=530)304226USACohort/historical cohortAll PE7; Newcastle
Carroll et al. 2020 [6] (n=2042)1158884USACohort/historical cohortAll PE9; Newcastle
Khaing et al. 2020 [15] (n=52)52NAUSACase series/NAIntermediate/high risk17; IHE
Kwok et al. 2020 [16] (n=141)6081USACohort/no PERT activationAll PE7; Newcastle
Melamed et al. 2020 [21] (n=1105)411694USACohort/historical cohort with treatment algorithmAll PE6; Newcastle
Myc et al. 2020 [18] (n=554)120434USACohort/historical cohort and no PERT activationAll PE7; Newcastle
Romano et al. 2020 [19] (n=128)128NACanadaCase series/NAIntermediate/high risk15; IHE
Sławek-Szmyt et al. 2020 [22] (n=80)80NAPolandProspective case seriesAll PE15; IHE
Wiske et al. 2020 [23] (n=179)179NAUSACase series/NAIntermediate/high risk13; IHE

NA: not applicable; PE: pulmonary embolism; PERT: pulmonary embolism response team. #: Institute of Health Economics (IHE) for case series studies; maximum score is 20; higher score, less risk of bias and higher quality. : Newcastle Ottawa for cohort studies; maximum score is 9; higher score, less risk of bias and higher quality.