TABLE 1

Study characteristics

	Animal characteristics					IH protocol characteristics					Haemodynamic parameter	Cardiac function	Cardiac remodelling							Response to ischaemia
Article^#	Species	Strain	Sex	Body weight (g)	Age (weeks)	F_IO₂ (%)	Hypoxia/Reox (s)	IH duration (h per day)	Protocol duration (day)	MAP	HR	Ejection fraction	Structure	Hypertrophy		Fibrosis		Apoptosis		Infarct size
Article^#	Species	Strain	Sex	Body weight (g)	Age (weeks)	F_IO₂ (%)	Hypoxia/Reox (s)	IH duration (h per day)	Protocol duration (day)	MAP	HR	Ejection fraction	LVDd	HW/TL	CSA	PVF	IF	Casp3	TUNEL	Infarct size
*Bao et al. 2020 [S1]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	9	5	30/30	12	28			x		x	x		x		x
*Béguin et al. 2005 [S2]*	Rat	Wistar	M	350	nd	5–10	40/20	0.5–4.0	1											x
*Béguin et al. 2007 [S3]*	Rat	Wistar	M	350	nd	10	40/20	4	1											x
*Belaidi et al. 2008 [S4]*	Rat	Wistar	M	340	nd	10	40/20	4	1											x
*Belaidi et al. 2009 [S5]*	Rat	SHR and WKY	M	nd	9	5	40/20	8	14	x										x
*Belaidi et al. 2016 [S6]*	Mice	S129 and C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	30/30	8	14											x
*Bober et al. 2018 [S7]*	Rat	SD	M	340	nd	6.5	80/120	8	7
*Bourdier et al. 2016 [S8]*	Rat	Wistar	M	325	8	5	30/30	8	21	x	x							x		x
*Cai et al. 2003 [S9]*	Mice	nd	M	25	nd	6	360/360	1	1											x
*Castro-Grattoni et al. 2016 [S10]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	6	5	20/40	6	42						x	x
*Castro-Grattoni et al. 2019 [S11]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	F	nd	8–72	5	20/40	6	56							x
*Chen et al. 2005 [S12]*	Rat	SD	M	250	nd	5	30/30	8	35	x	x	x	x
*Chen et al. 2008 [S13]*	Rat	SD	M	185	nd	5	20/100	8	42	x	x							x	x
*Chen et al. 2010 [S14]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	26	4.5	45	10	56	x	x	x	x		x		x		x
*Chen et al. 2011 [S15]*	Rat	SD	M	290	9	4	30/45	6	12									x
*Chen et al. 2011 [S16]*	Rat	WKY and SHR	M	255	9	4	30/45	6	10–30									x
*Chen et al. 2015 [S17]*	Rat	SD	M	325	9	6	30/45	6	12			x	x
*Chen et al. 2016 [S18]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	9	4	30/45	8	14			x	x
*Chen et al. 2016 [S19]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	16	4	30/45	8	14								x
*Del Rio et al. 2016 [S20]*	Rat	SD	M	250	nd	5	nd	8	28	x	x						x
*Détrait et al. 2020 [S21]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	19	5	30/30	8	28–42		x	x	x	x	x		x
*Ding et al. 2014 [S22]*	Rat	Wistar	M	215	8	5.5	60/60	8	35		x	x	x					x	x
*Ding et al. 2014 [S23]*	Rat	Wistar	M	nd	8	5.5	20/100	nd	35								x
*Du et al. 2019 [S24]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	4	5.5	120/60	12	56			x
*Farré et al. 2018 [S25]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	nd	nd	8–72	6	20/40	6	42
*Fu et al. 2016 [S26]*	Rat	SD	M	225	9	4.5	120/120	nd	21–56			x	x						x
*Guan et al. 2019 [S27]*	Rat	SD	M	205	nd	9	15/90	8	35			x			x		x		x
*Guo et al. 2015 [S28]*	Rat	Wistar	M	210	8	7	120/120	8	7–28	x
*Han et al. 2014 [S29]*	Rat	SD	M	151	nd	10	240/120	6	14–28									x
*Han et al. 2018 [S30]*	Rat	SD	M	165	nd	10	240/120	8	42			x	x				x	x	x
*Hayashi et al. 2008 [S31]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	10	5	30/30	8	10	x		x	x				x
*Hayashi et al. 2011 [S32]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	60/60	8	7						x	x
*Imano et al. 2018 [S33]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	90/300	8	28			x	x		x	x
*Inamoto et al. 2010 [S34]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	30/30	8	10							x
*Jiang et al. 2020 [S35]*	Rat	SD	M	225	nd	5	90/90	8	28			x	x					x
*Joyeux-Faure et al. 2005 [S36]*	Rat	Wistar	M	230	nd	5	40/20	8	35	x										x
*Lai et al. 2015 [S37]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	nd	nd	22	7	60/60	8	56				x	x					x
*Lai et al. 2015 [S38]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	22	7	60/60	8	56				x	x				x	x
*Li et al. 2016 [S39]*	Rat	Wistar	M	nd	16	5	30/90	8	28			x
*Li et al. 2017 [S40]*	Rat	SD	M	225	nd	9	240/350	8	42						x		x		x
*Lu et al. 2020 [S41]*	Rat	SD	M	200	6	7.5	90/90	8	42							x
*Lucking et al. 2014 [S42]*	Rat	Wistar	M	225	nd	5	90/210	8	14	x	x		x
*Ma et al. 2020 [S43]*	Rat	SD	M	190	8	8	210/90	6	42	x		x	x				x
*Maeda et al. 2013 [S44]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	7	4	nd	8	21		x
*Matsumoto et al. 2009 [S45]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	10	5	30/30	8	10							x
*Milano et al. 2013 [S46]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	9	7	180/120	1.7	14											x
*Morand et al. 2018 [S47]*	Rat	Wistar	M	340	8	5	30/30	8	14	x	x
*Moreau et al. 2015 [S48]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	nd	6.5	80/120	8	7–95	x	x
*Moulin et al. 2020 [S49]*	Mice	Swiss×S129	M	nd	nd	5	30/30	8	21										x	x
*Moulin et al. 2020 [S50]*	Mice	Swiss×S129	M	nd	10	5	30/30	8	21										x	x
*Naghshin et al. 2009 [S51]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	23	11	5	30/30	12	28		x	x	x
*Naghshin et al. 2012 [S52]*	Mice	FVB	M	nd	11	5.5	30/30	12	28		x	x
*Nakagawa et al. 2019 [S53]*	Mice	nd	M	nd	nd	5	60/300	8	14
*Nishioka et al. 2013 [S54]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	30/30	8	10		x					x
*Pai et al. 2016 [S55]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	20	5	40/40	8	28		x		x	x					x
*Park et al. 2007 [S56]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	10	6	120/120	8	7–28	x	x									x
*Ramirez et al. 2012 [S57]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	nd	10	180/180	8	7						x	x
*Ramond et al. 2007 [S58]*	Rat	Wistar	M	300	nd	5	40/20	4	1											x
*Ramond et al. 2013 [S59]*	Rat	Wistar	M	300	nd	5	30/30	8	14	x										x
*Ray et al. 2015 [S60]*	Rat	Wistar	M	nd	nd	5	90/330	8	14	x	x				x
*Rodriguez et al. 2014 [S61]*	Mice	C57Bl6J and ob/ob	M	nd	10	5.5	30/30	12	28		x		x
*Sun et al. 2020 [S62]*	Rat	SD	M	220	nd	9	15/30	8	35			x							x
*Tao et al. 2019 [S63]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	5	30/30	8	28			x					x	x	x
*Tong et al. 2019 [S64]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	22	6	5	20/40	8	13							x
*Totoson et al. 2013 [S65]*	Rat	Wistar	M	290	nd	5	30/30	8	14–28											x
*Wang et al. 2013 [S66]*	Rat	Wistar	M	250	nd	7.6	30/30	4	1–28										x	x
*Wang et al. 2017 [S67]*	Rat	SD	nd	260	nd	9	90/90	8	21
*Wang et al. 2017 [S68]*	Rat	SD	M	200	nd	9	90/90	8	21		x		x
*Wang et al. 2018 [S69]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	23	nd	5.5	60/60	8	84										x
*Wang et al. 2018 [S70]*	Rat	SD	M	225	9	8	90/210	5	28			x	x				x
*Wang et al. 2020 [S71]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	nd	8	8	20/40	12	56			x	x	x			x
*Wei et al. 2017 [S72]*	Rat	SD	M	250	10	7.6	30/30	8	35			x	x
*Williams et al. 2010 [S73]*	Rat	SD	M	180	nd	5	30/30	8	10		x		x						x
*Xie et al. 2015 [S74]*	Rat	SD	M	200	nd	8	240/350	8	42						x		x		x
*Xu et al. 2015 [S75]*	Rat	SD	M	200	nd	8.5	10/80	8	35	x
*Yang et al. 2011 [S76]*	Mice	C57Bl6J and ob/ob	M	nd	10	5	30/30	12	28			x	x	x
*Yang et al. 2018 [S77]*	Rat	SD	M	200	8	6	120	8	42			x	x					x	x
*Yang et al. 2019 [S78]*	Rat	SD	M	200	9	6	80/40	8	42
*Yeung et al. 2015 [S79]*	Rat	SD	M	70	4	5	15/45	8	28								x			x
*Yin et al. 2014 [S80]*	Mice	FVB and 129S1	M	nd	9	8	20/100	12	7–56			x	x	x
*Yuan et al. 2014 [S81]*	Rat	Wistar	M	200	nd	5	30/30	8	42
*Yuan et al. 2015 [S82]*	Rat	SD	M	235	nd	8	240/350	8	42										x
*Zhang et al. 2018 [S83]*	Rat	SD	M	300	nd	8	nd	6	30			x	x				x
*Zhang et al. 2017 [S84]*	Mice	C57Bl6J	M	22	6	5	20/40	8	84			x	x			x
*Zhang et al. 2018 [S85]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	nd	8	nd	6	30			x	x
*Zhang et al. 2018 [S86]*	Rat	SD	M	nd	nd	8	nd	6	30			x	x				x
*Zhao et al. 2019 [S87]*	Rat	SD	M	205	nd	9	90/90	8	35			x	x
*Zhou et al. 2014 [S88]*	Mice	129S1 and FVB	M	nd	9	8	60/60	nd	21–28									x	x
*Zhou et al. 2017 [S89]*	Mice	C57Bl6J and FVB	M	nd	nd	8	20/100	12	3–28			x	x
*Zhou et al. 2018 [S90]*	Mice	129s1 and C57Bl6J	nd	nd	nd	8	30/30	12	28			x	x				x
*Zhou et al. 2018 [S91]*	Rat	SD	M	165	nd	4.5	30/60	8	21			x	x					x	x
*Zhu et al. 2020 [S92]*	Rat	SD	M	190	nd	10	30/60	8	35			x

^#: For full details of the studies included in the meta-analysis see supplementary file S3, references listed in this table refer to this file. Casp3: caspase 3; CSA: cross-sectional area; F: female; F_IO₂: inspired oxygen fraction (in percentage); HR: heart rate; Hypoxia/Reox (s): duration of hypoxia and reoxygenation (in seconds); HW/TL: heart weight to tibia length ratio; IF: interstitial fibrosis; IH: intermittent hypoxia; LVDd: left ventricular diameter in diastole; M: male; MAP: mean arterial pressure; nd: no data; PVF: perivascular fibrosis; SD: Sprague–Dawley; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling; WKY: Wistar Kyoto.