Classification of children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) (modified after [3, 7])
ILD: more prevalent in infancy | |
A1: diffuse development disorders | Acinar dysplasia |
Alveolocapillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins | |
Congenital alveolar dysplasia | |
A2: growth abnormalities | Alveolar simplification |
Chronic neonatal lung disease | |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | |
Chromosomal alterations | |
A3: specific entities of undefined aetiology | Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis |
Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy | |
A4: Surfactant dysfunction mutations and related disorders | Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis |
Chronic pneumonitis of infancy | |
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia | |
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia | |
Ax: unclear respiratory distress syndrome in the mature neonate | |
Ay: unclear respiratory distress syndrome in the almost mature neonate (30–36 weeks) | |
ILD: not specific to infancy and childhood | |
B1: ILD related to systemic disease processes | Storage disease |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis | |
Endogenous lipid pneumonia | |
Immune-related disorders | |
B2: ILD of the normal host and due to exposures | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
Infection | |
Aspiration pneumonia | |
Eosinophilic bronchiolitis | |
B3: ILD of the immunocompromised host | Infection |
Obliterative bronchiolitis/restrictive allograft syndrome | |
B4: ILD with structural vascular changes | Pulmonary hypertension |
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease | |
Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis | |
Vasculitis | |
B5: ILD related to reactive lymphoid lesions | Follicular bronchitis |
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia | |
Bx: unclear respiratory distress syndrome in the non-neonate |