Patient report-based outcome (PRO) to assess disease burden or treatment efficacy in adults with chronic cough
| HRQoL tools | ||||
| Name | Domains/items | Rating | MCID | Comments |
| LCQ [74] | 19 items over three domains: physical; psychological; social. | Seven-point Likert scale (1=all of the time; 7=none of the time). | 1.5–2.5 [75, 76, 77] | Developed and validated in chronic cough [74]. Used to assess treatment efficacy in clinical trials [78–81]. Recommended in guidelines [82]. Well validated [77]. MCID defined [76, 77]. Translations are available in 60 languages, including a range of European languages, Thai [83], Mandarin Chinese [84] and Korean [85]. |
| CQLQ score [86] | 28 items over six domains: physical complaints; extreme physical complaints; psychosocial issues; emotional wellbeing; personal safety fears; functional abilities. | Four-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 4=strongly agree). | 10.6 [87] 10.6–21.9 [77, 82] | Developed and validated in chronic cough [86]. Used to assess treatment efficacy in clinical trials [88, 89]. Recommended in guidelines [82]. Well validated [77]. MCID defined [77]. |
| ACOS [45] | 29 items over two domains (physical; psychosocial). | Yes or no. | 10.6–21.9 [82] | Superseded by CQLQ [82]. |
| CSS [90] | Two items: cough severity in daytime and night-time. | Six-point scale (0=no symptoms; 5=most severe). | Little clinical experience [77]. MCID not defined [77]. Has been translated into Korean [91]. | |
| CSD [92] | Seven items: frequency (three items); intensity (two items); disruptiveness (two items). | 11-point scale (0=never; 10=constantly). | ≥1.3 CSD (total score) −1.4 to −1.1 (domain scores) [93] | Developed in response to patient feedback [92]. Validated and MCID defined [93]. Widely used in clinical trials. |
| HARQ [94] | 14 items covering major components of chronic cough | Six-point scale (0=no symptoms; 5=most severe) | 16 [94] | Designed as a diagnostic test for chronic cough based on the symptoms of airway reflux [94]. High sensitivity and specificity [94]. Used in clinical trials [95, 96]. Translations are available in over 20 languages, including Mandarin Chinese [97] and Swedish [98]. Available for download at https://issc.info/ |
ACOS: Adverse Cough Outcome Survey; CQLQ: Cough-specific QoL Questionnaire; CSD: Cough Severity Diary; CSS: Cough Symptom Score; HARQ: Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire; HRQoL: health-related quality of life; LCQ: Leicester Cough Questionnaire; MCID: minimal clinically important difference; RCC: refractory chronic cough. Adapted from [77].