Pulmonary hypertension (PH) experimental models used to assess sex hormone involvement in PH development
| Findings | First author, year [reference] | |
| Chronic hypoxia induced PH | Development of PH in male>female PH reduced on exogenous E2 | Rabinovitch, 1981 [50] McMurty, 1973 [51] Lahm, 2012 [52] |
| Monocrotaline induced PH | Vascular lesion and RV hypertrophy reduced under ovariectomy PH reduced on exogenous E2 | Yuan, 2013 [19] |
| Tofovic, 2006 [53] | ||
| Ahn, 2003 [54] | ||
| Sugen/hypoxia induced PH | Survival in female with PH>male PH severity in female>male PH severity in female under ovariectomy>no ovariectomy Vasoconstriction and remodelling reduced with exogenous E2 Exogenous E2 protects RV function | Rafikova, 2015 [55] Tofovic, 2012 [56] Frump, 2015 [57] Philip, 2020 [58] Liu, 2017 [59] |
| Mitomycin/cyclophosphamide induced PH | PH severity in female>male | Perros, 2015 [60] Ranchoux, 2015 [61] |
| Dexfenfluramine/SERT+ induced PH | Development of PH in female>male | White, 2011 [62] Dempsie, 2011 [63] Dempsie, 2013 [64] |
| Overexpressed SERT+ | Development of PH in female with attenuation of PH under ovariectomy | White, 2011 [65] |
| Obesity | Development of PH in female and male | Mair, 2019 [66] |
| Nfu1g206c mutation | Development of PH in female>male | Niihori, 2020 [67] |
| SU5416-treatment and chronic hypoxia | PH severity in female>male | Tamosiuniene, 2018 [68] |
SERT+: serotonin transporter; E2: 17β-oestradiol; RV: right ventricle.