Clinical presentation of COVID-19 pneumonia during the first (1 February 2020 to 31 May 2020) and second (1 June 2020 to 1 June 2021) waves
Variables | First wave | Second wave | Wave | References |
Age (years) | 61±11.63 | 52±18.6 | 1° | [6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19–22] |
2° | [14, 15, 17, 19–22] | |||
Gender, male (%) | 51 | 55 | 1° | [6–9, 14–17, 19–22] |
2° | [14, 15, 17, 19–22] | |||
Symptoms] | ||||
Cough (%) | 47.2 | 40.8 | 1° | [6, 8, 13, 14, 16, 19, 22] |
2° | [13, 14, 19, 22] | |||
Fever (%) | 46.6 | 55 | 1° | [6, 8, 14, 16, 19, 22] |
2° | [13, 14, 19, 21, 22] | |||
Dyspnoea (%) | 31.7 | 33.5 | 1° | [6, 8, 13, 14, 16, 19, 22] |
2° | [13, 14, 19, 22] | |||
Fatigue, asthenia (%) | 18.2 | 27 | 1° | [8, 16] |
2° | [22] | |||
Acute kidney injury (%) | 10.8 | 17 | 1° | [19] |
2° | [19] | |||
Diarrhoea (%) | 6 | 5 | 1° | [6, 8, 14, 16, 19] |
2° | [13, 14, 19, 22] | |||
Vomiting (%) | 2.7 | 5 | 1° | [14, 16, 19] |
2° | [14, 19] | |||
Neurological symptoms (%) | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1° | [14, 16] |
2° | [14] | |||
Gas exchange] | ||||
PaO2 (mmHg) | 69.7±21.36 | 65 (56–74) | 1° | [8, 15] |
2° | [15] | |||
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34.1±4.7 | 32 (28–84) | 1° | [10, 15] |
2° | [15] | |||
PaO2/FIO2 ratio (mmHg) | 182±65.29 | 249±111 | 1° | [7, 9, 10, 15] |
2° | [15] | |||
Respiratory rate (breaths per min) | 23±4.8 | 28 (22–33) | 1° | [8, 10, 15] |
2° | [15] | |||
Saturation (%) | 94±2.78 | 93 (89–97) | 1° | [8, 15, 18] |
2° | [15] |
Data expressed as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; FIO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction.