Summary of current studies examining the lung microbiome in individuals with NTM disease#
| Year | Patient type | Patient characteristics | Patients n | Sample type | Predominant taxa by OTU | |
| Yamasaki et al. [50] | 2015 | NTM-positive bronchiectasis | Stable, met ATS criteria for NTM disease¶ and without history of antimicrobial treatment. | 27 | BAL | Prevotella, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Granulicatella, Curvibacter, Lactobacillus |
| NTM-negative bronchiectasis | As above but did not meet ATS criteria for NTM disease. | 25 | BAL | Haemophilus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Trabulsiella, Granulicatella, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium | ||
| Sulaiman et al. [49] | 2018 | NTM-positive bronchiectasis | Stable, non-HIV, non-CF bronchiectasis. Inclusion criteria included CT imaging abnormalities and symptoms consistent with bronchiectasis. Exclusion criteria included patients with recent antimicrobial or corticosteroid therapy in the last month and recent history of smoking in the last year. Met ATS criteria for NTM disease¶. | 61 | Oral wash and induced sputum | Actinomyces, Actinomycetaceae, Streptophyta, Cyanobacteria, Streptophyta, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Rhodobacterales, Rhodobacteraceae, Bacillus |
| BAL+ | Mycobacterium, Ralstonia, Clavibacter, Oxalobacteraceae, Enterobacter, Comamonas, Hyphomonadaceae, Xenococcaceae, Paracoccus, Lactobacillales | |||||
| NTM-negative bronchiectasis | As above but did not meet ATS criteria for NTM disease. | 45 | Oral wash and induced sputum | Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pasteurellales, Pasteurellalaceae, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Comamonadaceae | ||
| BAL+ | Porphyromonas, Mannheimia, Kaistobacter, Selenomonas, Dialister | |||||
| Philley et al. [51] | 2019 | NTM-positive and breast cancer | Stable, patients met ATS criteria for NTM disease¶. | 15 | Expectorated sputum ± sera-derived extracellular vesicles§ | Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veilonella, Rothia, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, Streptococcus, Alistipes, Cloacibacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, Fusicatenibacter, Fusobacterium, Lachnospira, Tepidimonus |
| NTM-negative | Stable, healthy controls. | 5 | Expectorated sputum | Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Rothia, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella |
NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteria; OTU: operational taxonomic unit; ATS: American Thoracic Society; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; CF: cystic fibrosis; CT: computed tomography. #: the studies presented here focus on non-CF conditions; ¶: as defined by the ATS/Infectious Diseases Society of America 2007 criteria [4]; +: a subset of 20 patients underwent BAL sampling, with eight patients identified as NTM-positive and 12 as NTM-negative; §: sera-derived extracellular vesicles were examined in a subset of four patients from the NTM-breast cancer group.