TABLE 1

Hand devices

First author [ref.]	Year	Country	Sample size	Sample population	Device	Cut-off	Sensitivity %	Specificity %	AUC
Ronaldson [30]	2018	UK	216	≥35 years of age and current smokers	Wheezometer	Wheezometer score ≥3	4.4	93.6	0.49
					PEF	PEF <80%	86.1	67.5	0.77
					Micro-spirometer	FEV₁ <80% pred, FVC <80% pred, or FEV₁/FVC <70% pred	88.9	57.9	0.73
Fujita [38]	2020	Japan	1001	No previous diagnosis of asthma, TB and lung cancer	COPD-6 score^#	COPD-6 score ≥30	85.7	74.6	0.82
Dickens [24]	2020	UK	544	≥40 years of age with respiratory symptoms or clinically diagnosed COPD	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.77	82.8	85	NA
Labor [33]	2016	Croatia	227	40–60 years of age and ≥20 pack-years, with no previous diagnosis of COPD	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.78	71	89	0.83
Kim [25]	2016	South Korea	190	≥40 years of age and >10 pack-years, with no previous COPD diagnosis	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.77	72.7	77.1	0.76
Llordes [47]	2017	Spain	407	≥40 years of age and ≥1 pack-year, with no previous diagnosis of COPD	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.78	87.9	72.3	0.87
Represas-Represas [42]	2016	Spain	362	≥40 years of age and >10 pack-years, with respiratory symptoms and no previous respiratory diagnosis	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.78	91.2	52.8	0.8
Thorn [39]	2012	Sweden	305	40–85 years of age and >15 pack-years	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.73	79.2	80.3	0.84
Miravitlles [45]	2012	Spain	173	Controls: ≥35 years of age and no previous diagnosis of COPD Cases: COPD stages I and II	COPD-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.75	84.6	85	0.85
Hidalgo Sierra [44]	2018	Spain	155	≥40 years of age and ≥10 pack-years, with respiratory symptoms and no previous diagnosis of COPD	Piko-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.69	100	97.2	NA
Van den Bemt [34]	2014	The Netherlands	104	≥50 years of age and ≥1 pack-year, with respiratory symptoms and no previous diagnosis of COPD	Piko-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.72	93.2	85	0.94
Frith [43]	2011	Australia	204	≥50 years of age, smoker/ex-smoker and no previous diagnosis of obstructive lung disease	Piko-6	FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.74	81	71	0.85
Sichletidis [26]	2011	Greece	1078	≥40 years of age and no previous diagnosis of COPD	Piko-6	Post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FEV₆ ≤0.69	80	95	NA

AUC: area under the curve; PEF: peak expiratory flow; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV₆: forced expiratory volume in 6 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; TB: tuberculosis; NA: not available. ^#: COPD-6 score was based on micro-spirometry results.