Outcome or subgroup | Studies n | Participants n | Statistical method | Effect estimate | p-value | I2 | GRADE |
ΔPre-BD FEV1 % pred | 8 | 8332 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 2.22 (1.32–3.12) | <0.0001 | 41% | Moderate# |
Adults | 5 | 4181 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 2.47 (1.64–3.29) | <0.0001 | 0% | High |
Children | 4 | 4151 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 2.08 (0.71–3.44) | 0.003 | 64% | Moderate# |
ΔPre-BD FEV1 mL | 4 | 3603 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 74.14 (54.47–93.81) | <0.0001 | 87% | Moderate# |
Adults | 2 | 2634 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 108.82 (84.40–133.23) | <0.0001 | 0% | High |
Children | 2 | 969 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 10.00 (−23.21–43.21) | 0.56 | 0% | Moderate# |
ΔPre-BD FEV1 SMD | 10 | 11131 | SMD (Random, 95% CI) | 0.21 (0.12–0.30) | <0.0001 | 68% | Moderate# |
Adults | 6 | 6740 | SMD (Random, 95% CI) | 0.28 (0.15–0.41) | <0.0001 | 63% | Moderate# |
Children | 5 | 4391 | SMD (Random, 95% CI) | 0.16 (0.04–0.28) | 0.008 | 60% | Moderate# |
ΔPre-BD FVC % pred | 2 | 804 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.10 (−1.23–1.43) | 0.88 | 0% | Moderate# |
Adults | 1 | 75 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.30 (−2.29–6.89) | 0.33 | Low#,¶ | |
Children | 1 | 729 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.10 (−1.49–1.29) | 0.89 | Low#,¶ | |
ΔPre-BD FVC mL | 2 | 804 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | −12.84 (−149.33–123.65) | 0.85 | 53% | Moderate# |
Adults | 1 | 75 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | 90.00 (−100.51–280.51) | 0.35 | Low#,¶ | |
Children | 1 | 729 | MD (Random, 95% CI) | −60.00 (−124.87–4.87) | 0.07 | Low¶,¶ | |
ΔPre-BD FVC SMD | 2 | 804 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.01 (−0.13–0.15) | 0.86 | 0% | Moderate# |
Adults | 1 | 75 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.23 (−0.23–0.68) | 0.33 | Low#,¶ | |
Children | 1 | 729 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.01 (−0.16–0.14) | 0.89 | Low#,¶ | |
ΔPre-BD FEV1/FVC % pred | 0 | 0 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | ||||
Adults | 0 | 0 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | ||||
Children | 0 | 0 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | ||||
ΔPre-BD FEV1/FVC ratio | 1 | 729 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.60 (0.64–2.56) | 0.001 | Moderate# | |
Adults | 0 | 0 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | ||||
Children | 1 | 729 | MD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.60 (0.64–2.56) | 0.001 | Moderate# | |
ΔPre-BD FEV1/FVC SMD | 1 | 729 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 (0.10–0.39) | 0.001 | Moderate# | |
Adults | 0 | 0 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | ||||
Children | 1 | 729 | SMD (Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 (0.10–0.39) | 0.001 | Moderate# |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; MD: mean difference; SMD: standardised mean difference. #: GRADE score downgraded for heterogeneity or inconsistency of results between studies; ¶: GRADE score downgraded for imprecision, 95% CI includes important benefit and potential harm.