TABLE 1

Study and patient characteristics at baseline, before atrial septal defect (ASD) closure

First author [ref].	Study design	Time period	Sample size n	Age years	Female	ASD diameter mm	NYHA class III–IV	PH assessment method	PH measure and cut-offs mmHg	Mean sPAP mmHg	PH prevalence
Veldtman [31]^#	Retrospective cohort	1997–1999	40	38 (20–71)	75	13±4	5	TEE	sPAP >35	NR	62
De Lezo [32]	Case series	NR	29	56±14	83	26±7	48	TTE/TEE	sPAP ≥40	64±23	100
Bruch [33]	Case series	NR	15	66 (48–77)	66.6	22.7±7.0 (9–34)	60	TTE/RHC	mPAP >25	58.3±15	100
Balint [34]^#,¶	Case series	1999−2004	54	59±15	76	18±7	41	TTE/TEE	sPAP 40–49 (mild), 50–59 (moderate), ≥60 (severe)	58±10	100
Yong [35]^#,¶	Prospective cohort	1999−2006	215	54±16	73	19±6	19	TTE	sPAP ≥40	Median (IQR) 30.0 (25.0–36.0)	50.2
Yalonetsky [36]^#	Retrospective cohort	1998−NR	23				NR	TTE	sPAP cut-off NR		NR
Age 40–60 years				52±6	74	19±5				39±7.7
Age 60+ years				67±5	70	18±5				53±16.2
Altindag [37]	Retrospective cohort	1999–2008	47	58±13 (40–79)	79	NR	43	TTE/TEE	NR	NR	62
Humenberger [38]^#,¶	Prospective cohort	NR						TTE/TEE	sPAP ≥40		NR
Age<40 years			78	29±6.7	61.5	Median (IQR) 23 (29–26)	1.3			31±7
Age 40–60 years			84	50±5.6	65.5	Median (IQR) 22 (17.5–26.5)	3.8			37±10
Age >60 years			74	71±6.1	82.4	Median (IQR) 22.5 (20–28)	41.4			53±17
Huang [39]^¶	Retrospective cohort	2007–2010	15	32.3±12.8	73.3	NR	NR	RHC	sPAP ≥60 (severe PAH)	51.6±9.4	100
Kefer [40]^#	Prospective cohort	1999−2009	112	46±17	71	PH: 22±5 no PH: 18±6	31	TTE	sPAP >40	47±7	28
Nakagawa [41]^¶#	Prospective cohort	2005–2010	30	75.8±3.8 (70–85)	66.6	20.3±6.4	35	TEE	mPAP ≥25	35.6±11.8	53
Mangiafico [42]^#	Prospective cohort	2008–2011			NR	NR		TTE	sPAP cut-off NR		NR
Age <40 years			10	29±7.3			0			35.1±6.6
Age >40 years			20	58±11			0			41.2±6.4
Akagi [9]^¶	Case series	2006–2014						RHC
PHM group 1			8	37±15	100	22±7	88		sPAP ≥60	60±11	100
Non-PHM group 2			14	66±13	71	23±8	21		mPAP ≥25	58±17
Wang [43]	Retrospective cohort	2000–2009	179	Median (IQR) 53 (40–81)	75.4	NR	8.9	TEE	sPAP ≥40	44.8±22.2	24
Dalvi [44]	Case series	2009–2014	6	29±8.89	83.3	28±2.09	0	RHC	mPAP ≥25	102.6±11.5	100

Data are presented as mean (range), %, mean±sd or mean±sd (range), unless otherwise stated. NYHA: New York Heart Association; PH: pulmonary hypertension; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TEE: transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography; RHC: right heart catheterisation; NR: not reported; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; PHM: pulmonary hypertension medication. ^#: study-reported sPAP values derived from right ventricular systolic pressure; ^¶: study-reported values for PAH.