Targeting developmental pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
| Pathway | Drug/molecule | Target | Effect | [Reference] |
| Wnt-β-catenin | Anti-WISP1 antibody | WISP1 | Decreases fibrosis in bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice | [76] |
| siRNA against β-catenin | β-catenin | [77] | ||
| ICG-001 | CBP | [78] | ||
| Sonic Hedgehog | GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) | Smoothened | [79] | |
| Cyclopamine | Smoothened | [80] | ||
| GANT-61 | GLI | [79] | ||
| Pirfenidone | GLI-2 | Slow lung function decline, improves survival | [6, 81] | |
| FOXO3 | UCN-01 | Protein kinase C | Improves lung function, survival and decreases fibrosis in bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice | [39] |
| YAP/TAZ | Verteporfin | TEAD/YAP interaction | Decreases fibrosis in mouse model of kidney fibrosis | [45, 82] |
| Fasudil/KD205 | ROCK | Decreases fibrosis in bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice | [83] |
siRNA: small interfering RNA; CBP: cyclic AMP response-element binding protein; YAP: Yes-associated protein.