TABLE 4

Effects of pre- and post-transplant exercise training interventions on measures of QoL

First author [ref.]	N	Duration	Measure	Intervention/comparison	Pre–post p-value	Between group p-value	Effect size
Pre-transplant
Gloeckl et al. [42]	60	3 weeks	SF-36	Interval ET	PCS: p>0.05 MCS: p<0.05	PCS: p=0.43 MCS: p=0.066	PCS: INT<CON; −0.24 MCS: INT>CON; 0.57
Gloeckl et al. [42]	60	3 weeks	SF-36	Continuous ET	PCS: p<0.05 MCS: p>0.05	PCS: p=0.43 MCS: p=0.066	PCS: INT<CON; −0.24 MCS: INT>CON; 0.57
Pehlivan et al. [20]	39	8 weeks (minimum)	BDI	ET	p=0.004	-	PRE<POST; 0.28
Da Fontoura et al. [19]	31	12 weeks	SF-36	ET	PCS: p=0.004 MCS: p=0.113	-	PCS: PRE<POST; 0.43 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.15
Kenn et al. [44]	811	5–6 weeks	SF-36	ET	PCS: p<0.001 MCS: p<0.001	-	PCS: PRE<POST; 0.22 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.64
Li et al. [45]	345	∼16 weeks (47±59 sessions)	SF-36	ET	PCS: p=0.11 MCS: p<0.05	-	PCS: PRE>POST; −0.125 MCS: PRE>POST; −0.47
			SGRQ		p<0.05	-	PRE>POST; −0.52
			SG		p=0.050	-	PRE>POST; −0.08
			EQ-5D		p<0.05	-	PRE>POST; −0.48
Post-transplant
Langer et al. [22]	36	12 weeks	HADs	ET	-	Anxiety: p=0.812 Depression: p=0.899	Anxiety: INT<CON; −0.36 Depression: INT<CON; −0.09
Langer et al. [22]	36	12 weeks	HADs	Control (PA counselling)	-	Anxiety: p=0.812 Depression: p=0.899	Anxiety: INT<CON; −0.36 Depression: INT<CON; −0.09
Fuller et al. [24]	66	14 weeks	SF-36	14 wks supervised ET	-	PCS: p=0.32 MCS: p=0.74	PCS: INT>CON; 0.11 MCS: INT<CON; −0.18
Fuller et al. [24]	66	14 weeks	SF-36	7 wks supervised ET	-	PCS: p=0.32 MCS: p=0.74	PCS: INT>CON; 0.11 MCS: INT<CON; −0.18
Gloeckl et al. [30]	80	4 weeks	HADs	ET+WBVT	Anxiety: p=0.180 Depression: 0.247	Anxiety: p=0.174 Depression: p=0.533	Anxiety: INT<CON; 0.33 Depression: UTC
Gloeckl et al. [30]	80	4 weeks	HADs	ET	Anxiety: p=0.001 Depression: 0.038	Anxiety: p=0.174 Depression: p=0.533	Anxiety: INT<CON; 0.33 Depression: UTC
Candemir et al. [25]	23	12 weeks	HADs	ET	Anxiety: p=0.001 Depression: p<0.01	-	Anxiety: PRE<POST; 3.00 Depression: PRE<POST; 2.00
			SGRQ		p<0.01	-	PRE<POST; 1.36
			CRQ		p<0.001		PRE<POST; 1.52
Schneeberger et al. [26]	722	6 weeks	SF-36	ET (COPD SLTx)	PCS: P≤0.001 MCS: P≤0.01	-	PCS: PRE<POST; 1.00 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.53
				ET (COPD DLTx)	PCS: P≤0.001 MCS: P≤0.001		PCS: PRE<POST; 0.78 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.47
				ET (ILD SLTx)	PCS: P≤0.001 MCS: P≤0.001		PCS: PRE<POST; 0.67 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.83
				ET (ILD DLTx)	PCS: P≤0.001 MCS: P≤0.001		PCS: PRE<POST; 1.00 MCS: PRE<POST; 0.67

ET: exercise training; WBVT: whole body vibration training; SLTx: single lung transplant; DLTx: double lung transplant; INT: intervention; CON: control; SF-36: Short Form 36 Questionnaire; SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; CRQ: Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SG: Standard Gamble; PCS: Physical Component Summary; MCS: Mental Component Summary.