TABLE 2

Methodological characteristics of animal studies

Animals models[References]
Electronic cigarette vapour exposure
 Nose only[18, 50, 64, 65]
 Whole body[19, 23–35, 59–61, 67–69, 83–86, 107–109, 110]
 Electronic cigarette vapour extract[58]
Electronic cigarette vapour exposure period
 Up to 4 days[19, 26, 27, 34, 35, 50, 58, 64]
 Between a week and a month[18, 22–25, 31, 68, 69, 83, 84, 86, 107, 109]
 Over a month[27–30, 32, 33, 59–61, 65, 67, 83, 85, 108, 110]
Nicotine
 Low nicotine <6 mg·mL−1[69, 76]
 Medium nicotine 6–18 mg·mL−1[15, 18, 19, 23, 24, 27, 28, 50, 59, 60, 67, 85, 86, 107, 110]
 High nicotine >18 mg·mL−1[22, 25, 26, 31, 33–35, 58, 61, 65, 68, 83, 84, 108, 109]
 No nicotine[15, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32–35, 61, 69, 108]
Flavours
 Tobacco flavours[18, 19, 27, 58, 60, 61, 76, 83, 107]
 Menthol[86]
 Fruit flavours[15, 18, 23, 50]
 Dessert and sweet beverage flavours[18, 23, 30, 76, 108]
 Cinnamon[23, 84]
 Coffee[18, 85]
 Unflavoured[18, 22, 24–35, 59, 65, 67–69, 109, 110]
Animals
 Mice
  BALB/c[23, 29, 32, 59–61, 67, 84]
  C57BL/6[19, 22, 25–27, 30, 31, 33–35, 50, 57, 65, 68, 85, 86, 107, 109]
  CD-1[18, 24, 58, 64, 65, 69]
  A/J[28]
  FVBN[110]
  ApoE -/- (C57BL/6 background)[83, 108]
 Rats[64]
  Sprague-Dawley
Sex (all species)
 Male only[27, 31, 50, 67, 83, 86, 107, 110]
 Female only[18, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 58–60, 65, 85, 108]
 Both[23, 26, 34, 35, 61, 68, 84, 109]
 Unspecified[19, 28, 57]