Studies included and excluded after full text review
| Intervention area | Included reviews | Excluded reviews | Full text screen total | ||||||||
| Direct effects# | Indirect effects# | Risk factors | |||||||||
| High | Moderate | Low | Very low | High | Moderate | Low | Very low | ||||
| Vaccination | 4 [15–18] | 0 | 1 [19] | 8 [20–27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 17 |
| Screening | 0 | 0 | 3 [28–30] | 0 | 1 [31] | 0 | 4 [32–35] | 10 [36–45] | 0 | 11 | 30 |
| Diagnosis | 1 [46] | 0 | 0 | 1 [47] | 7 [48–54] | 0 | 5 [55–59] | 3 [60–62] | 0 | 4 | 22 |
| Treatment | 4 [63–66] | 1 [67] | 0 | 3 [68–70] | 9 [71–79] | 0 | 4 [80–83] | 4 [84–87] | 2 [88, 89] | 10 | 36 |
| Adherence | 1 [90] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 [91–98] | 0 | 2 [99–101] | 12 [102–113] | 1 [114] | 5 | 30 |
| HIV/TB | 3 [115–117] | 0 | 2 [118, 119] | 4 [120–123] | 1 [124] | 0 | 2 [125, 126] | 3 [127–129] | 0 | 7 | 22 |
| Multidrug-resistant TB | 3 [130–132] | 0 | 0 | 1 [133] | 0 | 0 | 3 [134–136] | 14 [137–150] | 0 | 9 | 30 |
| Contacts and transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [151] | 2 [152, 153] | 3 [154–156] | 3 [157–159] | 4 | 13 |
| Healthcare-associated infection | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [160] | 1 [161] | 0 | 1 [162] | 4 [163–166] | 4 [167–170] | 9 | 17 |
| Social support and vulnerable groups | 1 [171] | 0 | 0 | 1 [172] | 1 [173] | 0 | 0 | 1 [174] | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Healthcare systems | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [175] | 4 [176–179] | 2 [180, 181] | 12 | 19 |
| Pregnancy and sex | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [182] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 [183–187] | 1 | 7 |
| Prisons | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [188] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [189] | 1 [190] | 1 | 4 |
| Environment and behaviours | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 [191–201] | 1 | 13 |
| Subtotals | 17 | 1 | 6 | 21 | 28 | 1 | 25 | 59 | 29 | 79 | 266 |
Direct effect: evidence that intervention has a direct effect in preventing cases or reducing incidence, reported as a primary or secondary outcome measure of the review; indirect effect: intervention has a plausible indirect effect in preventing tuberculosis (TB) cases or reducing TB incidence, regardless of the outcome measures reported in the review; risk factors: no intervention was evaluated but the review described risk (or contextual) factors which could modify the effects of interventions or which, if targeted in a hypothetical intervention, could lead to a reduction in TB incidence. #: the AMSTAR2 criteria were used to categorise the included reviews as either “core” reviews (providing an evidence base for interventions) of high quality or “supplementary” reviews (providing additional information) of moderate, low or very low quality.