TABLE 2

Risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis

Patient-related factors

  •  Advanced age

  •  Female sex

  •  Prior venous thromboembolism

  •  Patient comorbidities

  •  Infection, obesity, anaemia, pulmonary or renal disease

  •  Prolonged immobilisation

 Inherited thrombophilic factors
Cancer-related factors

  •  Site: haematological malignancies, lung, pancreas, stomach, brain, kidney

  •  Stage: advanced stage and initial period after diagnosis

  •  Hospitalisation

  •  Surgery

  •  Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy

  •  Anti-angiogenic therapy

  •  Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

  •  Blood transfusions

Candidate biomarkers

  •  Platelet count (>35 0000 per µL)

  •  Leukocyte count (>11 000 per µL)

  •  D-dimer

  •  Tissue factor expression by tumour cells

  •  Circulating tissue factor

  •  Soluble P-selectin

  •  C-reactive protein

Reproduced from [22] with permission from the publisher.