TABLE 2

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis about avoiding endotracheal mechanical ventilation (eMV)

First author [ref.]	Year	Intervention	Randomisation	Any eMV except INSURE	Gestational age weeks	Antenatal steroids	Patients	Recruitment
Morley [21]	2008	nCPAP versus eMV	5 min of age	59% versus 100%	25 ⁰/₇ to 28 ⁶/₇	94% versus 94%	610	1999–2006
Rojas [22]	2009	nCPAP versus INSURE	15–60 min of age	43% versus 39%^#	27 ⁰/₇ to 29 ⁶/₇	88% versus 88%^¶	146⁺	2004–2006
Finer [23]	2010	nCPAP versus eMV	<1 h of age	83% versus 100%	24 ⁰/₇ to 27 ⁶/₇	97% versus 96%	1316	2005–2009
Sandri [24]	2010	nCPAP versus INSURE	<30 min of age	31% versus 33%^§	25 ⁰/₇ to 28 ⁶/₇	98% versus 96%	208	2007–2008
Dunn [25]	2011	3 groups: nCPAP versus INSURE versus eMV	Prior to delivery	52% versus 59% versus 96%	26 ⁰/₇ to 29 ⁶/₇	99% versus 99% versus 99%	648	2003–2009
Kanmaz [26]	2013	nCPAP±MIST versus nCPAP±INSURE	<2 h of age	42% versus 52%^#	≤29 ⁶/₇	73% versus 81%^¶	141⁺	2010–2011
Dilmen [27]	2014	nCPAP versus INSURE	At birth	46% versus 35%	25 ⁰/₇ to 29 ⁶/₇	63% versus 68%	159	2009–2010
Bao [28]	2015	nCPAP±MIST versus nCPAP±INSURE	<2 h of age	23% versus 33%^#,^ƒ	28 ⁰/₇ to 29 ⁶/₇	89% versus 93%^¶	47⁺	2012
Kribs [13]	2015	LISA versus eMV	>10 min and <2 h of age	75% versus 99%	23 ⁰/₇ to 26 ⁶/₇	98% versus 98%	211	2009–2012

INSURE: intubation, surfactant, extubation; nCPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure; MIST: minimally invasive surfactant therapy; LISA: less invasive surfactant administration. ^#: stratified data for infants <30 ⁰/₇ weeks' gestational age provided by the study authors; ^¶: data given for the unstratified dataset; ⁺: number of infants <30 ⁰/₇ weeks' gestational age only; ^§: need for any eMV except INSURE in the first 5 days of life; ^ƒ: need for any eMV except INSURE in the first 72 h of life.