Isolated pathogens in respiratory tract infections in patients with primary antibody deficiencies
| Type of agent | Isolated agents | Reference |
| Most frequently reported bacteria | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella spp., Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin resistant), Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma spp. | [41, 45, 49, 52–56] |
| Other reported bacteria | Klebsiella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Fusobacterium spp., Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Citrobacter spp. | [41, 45, 49, 52–56] |
| Virus | Rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza A and B, enterovirus, RSV, hMPV | [41, 57, 58] |
| Opportunistic pathogens (rare, reported in XLA and HIGM) | Mycobacterium hominis, Mycobacterium avium, Pneumocystis jirovecii | [19, 41, 53, 56, 59, 60] |
XLA: X-linked agammaglobulinemia; HIGM: hyper-IgM syndrome; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; hMPV: human metapneumovirus. The most commonly isolated pathogens include H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus spp. and Mycoplasma spp. [41].