Country (year) [ref.] | Functional class | Therapies | Main outcomes | |
UK (2008)# [44] | WHO II–IV | Surgical n=321¶ Targeted therapy 65 | Nonsurgical n=148¶ Targeted therapy 90 ERA 56 PDE-5 inhibitor 33 Prostanoid 11 | Survival at 1 and 3 years+: 88% and 76%, respectively, for surgical patients; 82% and 70%, respectively for nonsurgical patients (p=0.023) |
International (2016) [10] | NYHA I–IV | Operated n=404 Overall 29 ERA 13 PDE-5 inhibitor 15 Prostanoid 1 | Nonoperated n=275 Overall 61 ERA§ 24 PDE-5 inhibitor 17 ERA + PDE-5 inhibitor 18 Prostanoid 2 | Estimated survival at 1, 2 and 3 years
|
Latvia (2016) [48] | NYHA II–IV | Overall n=31 Sildenafil 90 Ambrisentan 7 Bosentan 1 | Cross-sectional analysis only | |
Portugal (2013) [43] | WHO II–IV | Overall n=33 Any 67 Monotherapy 36 Two drugs 15 Three drugs 7 Clinical trial 3 ERA 52 Sildenafil 39 Prostanoid 6 |
| |
Spain (2016) [45] | WHO I–IV | PEA n=122 Any 43 | Non-PEA n=269 Any 82 ERA 38 PDE-5 inhibitor 31 ERA/PDE-5 inhibitor 8 Prostanoid (oral) 3 Prostanoid (i.v.) 1 Prostanoid (inhaled) <1 |
|
Switzerland (2008) [46] | NYHA II–IV | Baseline n=70 Any 31 Iloprost (inhaled) 22 Bosentan 5 Bosentan/sildenafil 1 Iloprost (i.v.) 1 Last visit n=46 Any 81 Iloprost (inhaled) 24 Bosentan 21 Sildenafil 7 Bosentan/iloprost 6 Sildenafil/iloprost 11 Bosentan/sildenafil 6 ≥3 drugs 2 |
| |
Switzerland (2015) [47] | NYHA 3.0±0.7 | Overall (n=100)ƒ Started within 3 months Any 74 Monotherapy 64 Two drugs 9 Three drugs 0 ERA 63 PDE-5 inhibitor 20 Prostanoid 0 Maximal therapy Any 82 Monotherapy 49 Two drugs 30 Three drugs 2 |
|
Data are presented as % or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. WHO: World Health Organization; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonist; PDE: phosphodiesterase; New York Heart Association; PEA: pulmonary endarterectomy; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance. #: study from UK national PEA surgery centre; ¶: data from 2003 onward; +: data from 2001 onward; §: mostly bosentan, with some sitaxsentan; ƒ: data for 2009–2012.