Risk factors for poor asthma control
| Factors | References |
| Disease-related | |
| Comorbidities: gastro-oesophageal reflux, obstructive sleep apnoea, psychiatric disease, allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis | [30–34] |
| Asthma type: aspirin sensitivity, neutrophilic activity, severe therapy resistant | [17] |
| Exposure to triggers: allergens, smoke, environmental and work-related irritants | [26] |
| Patient-related | |
| Low patient expectations regarding asthma control | [13, 17] |
| Poor patient perception of asthma control | [14, 21] |
| Low socioeconomic status | [17] |
| Poor adherence to medication | [17] |
| Incorrect use of inhaled medication | [17, 24] |
| Physician-related | |
| Absence of specialist care: inability of physicians to recognise poor asthma control, poor knowledge of current guidelines, misdiagnosis of asthma | [15, 17, 18] |
| Poor doctor–patient communication | [16] |
| No patient education on the correct use of inhaled medications | [24] |
| Rare implementation of self-management plans | [17] |