Disease | Clinical phenotype | Comparison | Outcome % | Risk reduction % | First author [ref.] |
COPD | COPD prevalence (%) over 2007–2009 among adults aged ≥18 years | Mexican versus non-Hispanic white | 2.6 versus 5.7 | 54 | Akinbami [34] |
Mexican versus Puerto Rican | 2.6 versus 6.9 | 62 | |||
COPD prevalence unadjusted (GOLD) Prevalence of rapid FEV1 decline | Mexican versus non-Hispanic white | 14.9 versus 29.5 | 50 | Bruse [35] | |
Mexican versus non-Hispanic white | 21.6 versus 31.6 | 32 | |||
COPD prevalence in two Latin American cities (adjusted for smoking and ethnicity) | Mexico City versus Montevideo | 12.7 versus 20.3 | 37 | Menzes [36] | |
COPD mortality rates (2006) (age-adjusted per 100 000 per year) | Hispanic versus Caucasian (males) | 21.2 versus 50.5 | 58 | American Lung Association [37] | |
Hispanic versus American Indian (males) | 21.2 versus 32.2 | 34 | |||
Hispanic versus Caucasian (females) | 13.1 versus 39.1 | 66 | |||
Hispanic versus American Indian (females) | 13.1 versus 28.6 | 54 | |||
Lung cancer | Lung cancer incidence rates 2002–2006 (age-adjusted per 100 000 per year) | Hispanic versus Caucasian (males) | 43.2 versus 77.6 | 44 | American Lung Association [38] |
Hispanic versus American Indian (males) | 43.2 versus 51.6 | 16 | |||
Hispanic versus Caucasian (females) | 24.7 versus 54.8 | 55 | |||
Hispanic versus American Indian (females) | 24.7 versus 39.8 | 38 | |||
Lung cancer incidence rates 1999–2003 (age-adjusted per 100 000 per year) | Hispanic versus Caucasian (males) | 52.7 versus 88.8 | 41 | Howe [39] | |
Hispanic versus Caucasian (females) | 26.7 versus 56.2 | 52 | |||
Lung cancer mortality rates 2002–2006 (age-adjusted per 100 000 per year) | Hispanic versus Caucasian (males) | 33.9 versus 69.9 | 52 | American Lung Association [38] | |
Hispanic versus American Indian (males) | 33.9 versus 41.2 | 18 | |||
Hispanic versus Caucasian (females) | 14.4 versus 40.9 | 65 | |||
Hispanic versus American Indian (females) | 14.4 versus 28.3 | 49 | |||
Lung cancer mortality rates 1999–2003 (age-adjusted per 100 000 per year) | Hispanic versus Caucasian (males) | 37.2 versus 73.8 | 50 | Howe [39] | |
Hispanic versus Caucasian (females) | 14.7 versus 42.0 | 65 |
GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s.