Asthma subgroups and their stability over time
| Subgroup | Treatment | [Ref.] |
| Atopic/allergic | Avoidance of triggers, ICS, CS, anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-13 | [112–114] |
| Eosinophilic | Avoidance of triggers, ICS, CS, anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-13 | [115] |
| Non-eosinophilic | Macrolides, less likely to respond well to ICS | [116, 117] |
| ABPA and SAFS | Antifungals | [118, 119] |
| Churg–Strauss syndrome | Steroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab | [120, 121] |
| Exercise-induced asthma | ICS | [122] |
| Aspirin sensitive | Avoidance of aspirin, leukotriene inhibition | [123] |
| Occupational | Avoidance of occupational agent | [124] |
Aspirin sensitive and occupational subgroups appear to stay the same over time; other subgroups may vary according to treatment or the clinical picture is unclear. In each subgroup, some of the treatment options and relevant references are shown (see text for further details). All have shown either symptomatic improvement, reduction in exacerbations or both. Bronchodilator agents are not listed and should be used in all subgroups when required or other therapies with equal efficacy should be used. ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; SAFS: severe asthma with fungal sensitisation; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; CS: corticosteroid; IL: interleukin.