Table 2. Effect of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on measurements from tissue Doppler imaging

Measurements	[Ref.]	Normal S' wave cm·s⁻¹	PH	Normal E' cm·s⁻¹	PH	Normal A' cm·s⁻¹	PH
RV free (lateral) wall	[33–35]	12–20	↓	10.2–16.2	↓	6.2–10.9	↓
LV septal wall	[34]	8.1–10.9	↔	9.8–16.0	↔	9.0–13.2	↔
LV lateral wall	[34]	9.1–12.9	↔	12.5–20.5	↔	8.6–14.4	↔

S': systolic wave; A': late (atrial systole) myocardial diastolic wave; E': early myocardial diastolic wave; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; ↓: decreased in PH; ↔: no change.