Table 3. Treatment recommendations for pulmonary aspergillosis
DiseasePrimary treatmentOther treatments
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosisVoriconazole [119123]Alternative therapy: liposomal amphotericin B [124]
Continuation therapy: voriconazole or itraconazole [122, 123]
Salvage therapy: echinocandin or posaconazole [125127]
Chronic necrotising aspergillosisVoriconazole [120, 123]Alternative therapy: itraconazole [128, 129]
Severe cases: intravenous voriconazole or liposomal amphotericin B [123, 128, 130]
Consider surgical resection [130]
AspergillomaObservation [123]Bronchial artery embolisation [131]
Surgical resection [132135]
Consider itraconazole [136138]
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosisCorticosteroids [139142]Itraconazole or voriconazole as steroid-sparing agents [143146]