Table 1. Completed clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
DrugMechanism of Action
IFIGENIA [20]NACAntioxidant
PANTHER-IPF [21]Prednisone
Azathioprine
NAC		Antioxidant
Immunosuppression
Taniguchi [22]PirfenidoneAntifibrotic
CAPACITY 1 [23]PirfenidoneAntifibrotic
CAPACITY 2 [23]PirfenidoneAntifibrotic
ACE-IPF [24]WarfarinAnticoagulant
TOMORROW [25]BIBF 1120Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor
Daniels [26]Imatinib mesylateTyrosine-kinase inhibitor
STEP-IPF [27]SildenafilPhosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
BUILD-1 [28]BosentanEndothelin-receptor antagonist
BUILD-3 [29]BosentanEndothelin-receptor antagonist
ARTEMIS-IPF [30]AmbrisentanEndothelin-receptor antagonist
MUSIC-IPF [31]MacitentanEndothelin-receptor antagonist
Raghu [32]IFN-γImmunomodulation
INSPIRE [33]IFN-γImmunomodulation

  • NAC: N-acetyl-cysteine; IFN: interferon.