Table 4. Anti-inflammatory effects in cell-based assays

Reference	System	Inflammatory markers
Grattendick *et al.* [87]	Human mononuclear cell line (THP-1)	Reduced LPS-induced secreted TNF-α
Grattendick *et al.* [87]	Human mononuclear cell line (THP-1)	Reduced LPS-induced cell-associated TNF-α
Phillips *et al*. [88]	Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)	Decreased LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and GM-CSF; increased LPS-stimulated IL-10
Phillips *et al*. [88]	Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)	Reduced constitutive expression of IL-8, IL-6, and MIP-1β
Nakazato *et al*. [89]	Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)	Reduced LPS-induced secreted TNF-α
Nakazato *et al*. [89]	Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)	Reduced LPS-induced cell-associated TNF-α

LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein.