Table 5. Effects of the most innovative therapeutic strategies on respiratory manifestations in lysosomal storage disorders
DiseaseEnzyme replacement therapySubstrate reduction therapyHaematopoietic stem cells transplantationPharmacological chaperones
Niemann–Pick diseaseUnder evaluation in current clinical studies (type B)Prevention or improvement of dysphagia and airway aspiration (type C) [118]Regression of infiltrates at chest imaging (type B and C) [32, 138]Not available
Gaucher diseaseImproved respiratory compliance/decreased dyspnoea and pulmonary hypertension (type I) No significant improvement of chest imaging (type I and III) [15, 140, 141]Improvement of lung function and pulmonary hypertension (type I and III) [142–144]Not evaluatedOnly preclinical studies (type I, II and III), no evaluated effects on respiratory manifestations
Fabry diseaseStability of pulmonary symptoms, but no improvement of lung function [145]Not availableNot availableOngoing clinical phase III trials, no evaluated effects on respiratory manifestations
Pompe diseaseLow risk of ventilation [149] Reduced duration of ventilator dependence [150] Improved lung function [151]Ongoing preclinical studies, not evaluated effects on respiratory manifestationsNot availableOngoing clinical trials, no evaluated effects on respiratory manifestations
MucopolysaccharidosesImproved lung function Reduced apnoea/hypopnoea index (type I) [154–158] Under evaluation in current clinical studies (type IVA) Not evaluated in type II and VIUnder evaluation in current clinical studies (type III)Improved lung function, reduced upper airways obstruction and incidence of difficult airway management, discontinuation of mechanical ventilation (type I) [163, 164, 167] Improved obstructive sleep apnoea (type I, VI, VII)Only preclinical trials (type I and III), not evaluated effects on respiratory manifestations