Prevalence | Diagnostic threshold | Ref. |
Echocardiogram based | ||
43% | Ppa,sys ≥35 mmHg | [34] |
35% | Ppa,sys >30 mmHg | [42] |
59% | Ppa,sys ≥40 mmHg | [35] |
16% | Ppa,sys >40 mmHg | [43] |
26.7% | Ppa,sys ≥40 mmHg | [37] |
21% limited, 26% diffuse | Ppa,sys >30 mmHg or >35 mmHg | [36] |
Right heart catheterisation based | ||
2.93 per million# | P̄pa ≥25 mmHg at rest with Ppcw <15 mmHg | [44] |
5% | P̄pa >25 mmHg at rest with Ppcw ≤15 mmHg | [45] |
7% | P̄pa >32 mmHg | [38] |
16% | P̄pa ≥ mmHg at rest with Ppcw ≤12 mmHg | [39] |
29% | P̄pa ≥20 mmHg or Ppa,sys ≥ 35 mmHg | [34] |
12% | P̄pa >25 mmHg | [40] |
7.85%¶ | P̄pa ≥25 mmHg at rest or ≥30 mmHg during exercise, with Ppcw <15 mmHg | [41] |
Ppa,sys: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; P̄pa: mean pulmonary artery pressure; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. #: general population; ¶: 95% CI 5.7–10.