Table 2. All causes implicated in desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), other than tobacco smoking

Causes	Ref.	Comments
Occupational exposure to inorganic particles	[1, 2 8–10]	Nature of particles: Si, Mg, Ti, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, K, Ti, BaS, Be, Cu Occupation: tool grinder, arc polisher, tyre manufacturing worker, plastic machinist, Al arc welder, worker exposed to fire-extinguisher powder, diesel fumes
Exposure to mycotoxins	[37–43]	Occupational exposure to aflatoxin (textile worker)
Connective tissue diseases	[44, 45]
Rheumatoid arthritis	[46]
Sirolimus	[47]
Infection	[48–50]	DIP following concurrent CMV and Aspergillus pneumonias in a renal transplant recipient (who did not receive sirolimus) Association of DIP and HCV infection Association of DIP and CMV infection in a baby
Use of marijuana	[51]