Table 2 Frequent and/or typical causes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
Airway disease
    Emphysema
    Cystic fibrosis
    Severe asthma
Infectious lung disease
    Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    Tuberculosis
    Necrotising pneumonia
Interstitial lung disease
    Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    Sarcoidosis
    Histiocytosis X
    Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Connective tissue disease
    Rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and ankylosing spondylitis
    Marfan's syndrome
    Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Malignant disease
    Lung cancer
    Sarcoma