ESC/ERS guidelines: haemodynamic definitions of pulmonary hypertension (PH)#
| Definition | Characteristics | Clinical group(s)¶ |
| PH | P̄pa ≥25 mmHg | All |
| Pre-capillary PH | P̄pa ≥25 mmHg | 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| Ppcw ≤15 mmHg | 3. PH due to lung diseases | |
| CO normal or reduced+ | 4. Chronic thromboembolic PH | |
| 5. PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms | ||
| Post-capillary PH | P̄pa ≥25 mmHg | 2. PH due to left heart disease |
| Ppcw >15 mmHg | ||
| CO normal or reduced+ | ||
| Passive | TPG ≤12 mmHg | |
| Reactive (out of proportion) | TPG >12 mmHg |
P̄pa: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; CO: cardiac output; TPG: transpulmonary pressure gradient (P̄pa-P̄pcw). #: all values measured at rest; ¶: according to table 5; +: high CO can be present in cases of hyperkinetic conditions such as systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (only in the pulmonary circulation), anaemia, hyperthyroidism, etc. Reproduced from 1 with permission from the publisher.