Inducer | Mediators | Ref. |
IL-1β | Inducible nitric oxide synthase | [12] |
Acidic fibroblast growth factor plus heparin | Smad-2 dephosphorylation | [13] |
Hepatocyte growth factor | MMP-2/-9, focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation | [14] |
Soluble fibronectin peptides# | Focal adhesion kinase (125 kDa form; pp125FAK) proteolysis | [15] |
Contraction of collagen matrix or disruption of integrin α2β1 attachment (anoikis) | Akt, focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation | [16, 17] |
IL: interleukin; MMP; matrix metalloproteinase; Akt: protein kinase B. #: arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, connecting segment-1, and tryptophan-glutamine-proline-proline-arginine-alanine-arginine-isoleucine.