Table. 1—

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation(PAVM) risks

RisksAll PAVM patientsPH PAVM patients
Ischaemic stroke 11.3%Lower: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.95; p = 6.2×10−5) [4]
Brain abscess 9%Unchanged [4]
Dyspnoea according to S a,O2quartiles#
    >961.5%
    93–963.2%Universal and more severe
    88–9314%
    <8837%
PAVM-related haemorrhage <10%, usually minorPossibly more common and severe [16]
Migraine Two-fold excess [17]No data
Growth Generally nil/slow+Possibly increased [18]

  • PH: pulmonary hypertension; Sa,O2: arterial oxygen saturation; HR: hazard ratio per mmHg increase; CI: confidence interval. #: reported in [4, 6]; : haemoptysis, haemothorax; +: except during puberty and pregnancy.