Author | Year | Treatment | Patients | FEV1 % pred | Exac.·Patient·yr−1 | Δ% | p-value |
Vincken [12] | 2002 | Tiotropium 18 µg·day−1 | 356 | 42 | 0.73 | −24 | 0.006 |
Ipratropium | 179 | 39 | 0.96 | ||||
Casaburi [13] | 2002 | Tiotropium 18 µg·day−1 | 550 | 39 | 0.76 | −20 | 0.045 |
Placebo | 371 | 38 | 0.95 | ||||
Brusasco [11] | 2003 | Tiotropium 18 µg·day−1 | 402 | 39 | 1.07 | −28 | 0.025 |
Placebo | 400 | 39 | 1.49 |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted; Exac: exacerbations.