Table 2—

Definition of cigarette addiction and nicotine dependence

DescriptionMeasurement
Cigarette addictionPowerful motivation# to smoke cigarettes arising primarily from abnormalities in physiological functioning of CNS pathways underlying motivationRatings of frequency and strength of urge, want or need to smoke; behavioural evidence of strong motivation to smoke
Nicotine dependencePhysiological abnormalities underlying addiction to cigarettes or other nicotine-delivery systemsMarkers of strength of physiological need for nicotine
  • CNS: central nervous system. #: motivation is used here in the broad sense of all those mental processes that direct and energise behaviour, not merely “reasons”.