Examples of quantitative histopathological studies recording more than mean linear intercept length in cigarette smoke exposure in animal models
| Species | Sex | Initial age | Exposure | SURS | Resin | Parameters | [Ref.] | |||||||
| Regimen | TPM | Time | V(lung) | MLI length | S(alv) | V(sep) | τ(sep) | N(alv) | ||||||
| Mouse B6C3F1 | F | 6–7 weeks | wb-ex, 6h/d, 5d/wk | 250 mg·m−3 | 7 months | Yes | P# | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ND | ND | [67] |
| 13 months | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ||||||||||
| Mouse C57BL/6J | NI | 3 months | wb-ex, 3c/d, 5d/wk | NI | 7 months | No | P | NI | ↑ | ↓ | ND | ND | ND | [68] |
| Mouse DBA/2J | NI | 3 months | wb-ex, 3c/d, 5d/wk | NI | 7 months | No | P | NI | ↑ | ↓ | ND | ND | ND | [68] |
| Mouse A/J | F | 7–8 weeks | wb-ex, 6h/d, 5d/wk | 250 mg·m−3 | 15 weeks | Yes | P# | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ND | ND | [69] |
| M | ↑ | ↑ | (↓) | (↑) | ||||||||||
| Rat F344 | F | 6–7 weeks | wb-ex, 6h/d, 5d/wk | 250 mg·m-3 | 7 months | Yes | P# | ↑ | (↑) | (↑) | (↑) | ND | ND | [67] |
| 13 months | ↑ | ↑ | (↓) | (↓) | ||||||||||
| Guinea pig | F | Juvenile | no-ex, 5c/d, 5d/wk | NI | 13–16 weeks | No | P | ↑ | ND | (↓) | ↓ | ND | ND | [70] |
TPM: total particulate matter; SURS: systematic uniformly random sample; V(lung): fixed lung volume; MLI: mean linear intercept; S(alv): total alveolar surface area; V(sep): total alveolar septal tissue volume; τ(sep): arithmetic mean thickness of alveolar septum; N(alv): total number of alveoli; F: female; M: male; NI: no information given; h/d: hours per day; d/wk: days per week; c/d: cigarettes per day; wb-ex: whole-body exposure; no-ex: nose-only exposure; P: paraffin; ND: not done. ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; ↔: unchanged; parentheses indicate differences that do not reach the level of significance. #: data corrected for shrinkage.