Parameter | Human | Monkey | Mouse |
Wall | |||
Cartilage | Absent (bifurcation) | Absent (bifurcation) | Absent |
Smooth muscle | Present | Present | Present |
Submucosal glands | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Epithelium | |||
Thickness | ? | ? | 7–8 |
Cells per mm basement membrane | ? | ? | ? |
Mucous goblet % | 0 | ||
Serous cells % | 35 | ∼20 | 0 |
Clara cells % | 60–80 | ||
Ciliated cells % | 52 | ∼50 | 40–20 |
Basal cells % | <1 | ∼10 | <1 |
Other % | 13 | ∼ 5 | 0 |