TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotype overlap in the natural history of asthma JF - European Respiratory Review JO - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW DO - 10.1183/16000617.0201-2022 VL - 32 IS - 168 SP - 220201 AU - Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo AU - Giuseppe Guida AU - Francesca Bertolini AU - Antonino Di Stefano AU - Vitina Carriero Y1 - 2023/06/30 UR - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/32/168/220201.abstract N2 - The heterogeneity of asthma makes it challenging to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease. Despite the wealth of research identifying diverse phenotypes, many gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease's complexity. A crucial aspect is the impact of airborne factors over a lifetime, which often results in a complex overlap of phenotypes associated with type 2 (T2), non-T2 and mixed inflammation. Evidence now shows overlaps between the phenotypes associated with T2, non-T2 and mixed T2/non-T2 inflammation. These interconnections could be induced by different determinants such as recurrent infections, environmental factors, T-helper plasticity and comorbidities, collectively resulting in a complex network of distinct pathways generally considered as mutually exclusive. In this scenario, we need to abandon the concept of asthma as a disease characterised by distinct traits grouped into static segregated categories. It is now evident that there are multiple interplays between the various physiologic, cellular and molecular features of asthma, and the overlap of phenotypes cannot be ignored.In asthma patients, host–environment interactions may lead to immune/inflammatory response interplay and phenotype overlap. Asthma should be considered a disorder characterised by a dynamic evolution of phenotypes over a lifetime. https://bit.ly/40kpNWx ER -