PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo
AU  - Giuseppe Guida
AU  - Francesca Bertolini
AU  - Antonino Di Stefano
AU  - Vitina Carriero
TI  - Phenotype overlap in the natural history of asthma
AID  - 10.1183/16000617.0201-2022
DP  - 2023 Jun 30
TA  - European Respiratory Review
PG  - 220201
VI  - 32
IP  - 168
4099  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/32/168/220201.short
4100  - http://err.ersjournals.com/content/32/168/220201.full
SO  - EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW2023 Jun 30; 32
AB  - The heterogeneity of asthma makes it challenging to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease. Despite the wealth of research identifying diverse phenotypes, many gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease's complexity. A crucial aspect is the impact of airborne factors over a lifetime, which often results in a complex overlap of phenotypes associated with type 2 (T2), non-T2 and mixed inflammation. Evidence now shows overlaps between the phenotypes associated with T2, non-T2 and mixed T2/non-T2 inflammation. These interconnections could be induced by different determinants such as recurrent infections, environmental factors, T-helper plasticity and comorbidities, collectively resulting in a complex network of distinct pathways generally considered as mutually exclusive. In this scenario, we need to abandon the concept of asthma as a disease characterised by distinct traits grouped into static segregated categories. It is now evident that there are multiple interplays between the various physiologic, cellular and molecular features of asthma, and the overlap of phenotypes cannot be ignored.In asthma patients, host–environment interactions may lead to immune/inflammatory response interplay and phenotype overlap. Asthma should be considered a disorder characterised by a dynamic evolution of phenotypes over a lifetime. https://bit.ly/40kpNWx